Work and Energy

I have been questioning the nature of energy. Then I realized that the central issue in any debates related to energy fundamentally concerns the concept of “Work”. The absolute value of energy is arbitrary because energy values are reference-dependent. For instance, potential energy depends on the chosen reference point. Kinetic energy depends on the chosen reference frame. This can be highlighted by the fact that energy is defined as the integral of Power (work per unit time) over time, which introduces an integration constant.

Any energy transfer involves work, and that work is defined as the line integral of force over displacement:

Here, the force obeys Newton’s third law, which states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. There is no such actual things called energy that is never created nor destroyed; it is an abstract mere mathematical construction. It is an obvious and direct consequence of balanced forces in any exerted and received work, which we label as “energy transfer.”