Geocentric and heliocentric theories

The geocentric model, which posited that the Earth was the center of the universe, was primarily supported by religious beliefs rather than empirical evidence. While it was able to explain many astronomical phenomena to a satisfactory degree, its explanations were ultimately limited. The model was eventually challenged and replaced by the heliocentric theory, proposed by Copernicus and later refined by Galileo and Kepler, which more accurately described celestial motions and accounted for observations that the geocentric model could not explain.

This shift marked a significant advancement in our understanding of the universe, moving from a belief-based model to one grounded in scientific observation and evidence.